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Tomahawk, Wisconsin : ウィキペディア英語版
Tomahawk, Wisconsin

Tomahawk is a city in Lincoln County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,346 at the 2010 census. The city is located to the northeast of the Town of Tomahawk and is not contiguous with it.
==History==
Before 1837, the land where Tomahawk is now situated belonged to the Ojibwe, who traded actively with fur traders such as the American Fur Company and the Northwest Company. After the 1837 cession, the practical situation changed only slightly: the federal survey teams had not arrived yet, logging activity was still light, and Ojibwe continued to actively occupy the general area. There was a village just north of the modern Tomahawk, in the vicinity of modern Bradley, and a village on Skanawan Creek.〔Jones, George O. ''et al'' (''History of Lincoln, Oneida and Vilas Counties, Wisconsin'' ) (Minneapolis: H.C. Cooper, Jr., & Co., 1924), p. 9.〕 The 1854 Treaty of La Pointe created the reservations at Lac du Flambeau, Lac Courte Oreilles and Bad River. Even after this treaty, the region was largely public domain land and the treaties allowed the Ojibwe usufructory rights to hunt, fish, gather wild rice and make maple sugar.〔4〕 Some Ojibwe received their annuity payments in Wausau until the payments ended in 1874.〔Marchetti, Louis (''History of Marathon County, Wisconsin and Representative Citizens'' ) (Chicago: Richmond-Arnold Pub. Co., 1913), p. 98.〕 By that time most Ojibwe were living permanently on the reservations.
Logging activity from the Tomahawk River upstream began about 1860 and surged after the Civil War. By 1880 several families were living close to Tomahawk-Wisconsin river confluence, including owning property within the present city limits of Tomahawk.〔 The 1880 census lists two families named Bouchard, one named King, and one named Faufau, who all pre-empted property inside the present-day city limits. In addition, Gilbert Vallier had a station at Skanawan Creek and owned a 40 acre hay field on the eastern edge of the present city limits.〕 The location was variously known as Bouchard's Station〔Warner, Hans B., Editor (''The blue book of the state of Wisconsin (1880)'' ) The map on the frontispiece shows "Boucharels Station," an obvious misspelling of "Bouchard."〕 or The Forks,〔Jones ''et al'', p. 68.〕short for Forks of the Wisconsin.〔Calkins, Hiram "Indian Nomenclature, and the Chippewas," ''Wisconsin Historical Collections, Volume I'' (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1854), p. 120. Many early maps gave the Tomahawk River the name Little Wisconsin River.〕
Tomahawk traditionally traces its founding to the establishment of the construction camps for a dam and the railroad in 1886. The company leading the effort was the Tomahawk Land and Boom Company, headed by William H. Bradley, who is thus considered to be the principal founder of Tomahawk. The Tomahawk Land and Boom Company was owned 51 per cent by the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul railroad, and 49 per cent by the Land, Log and Lumber Company (Bradley and his partners). The dam was a large capital investment for the era, and was one of the largest in the world when it was completed. The town site was platted in 1887, with lots sold in Milwaukee that summer. The agent for the sale was Henry Payne. The city was incorporated in 1891. In the 10 years after the first construction camps were built, Tomahawk grew rapidly, boasting many stores, a three-story hotel, many saw mills, a paper mill, and service via three railroads.〔Jones ''et al'', pp. 68-84.〕
Among the events highlighting Tomahawk's history since that time are:
*1897: The first high school class graduates. Among the graduates is Margaret McBride, who achieves prominence as a vocalist in New York City.〔Jones ''et al'', p. 84.〕
*1906: William T. Bradley, future mayor and adopted son of the city's founder, brings the first automobile to the town.
*1914: The first airplane lands on north Tomahawk Avenue, there being no other runway yet.
*1917: Tomahawk men enlist and form Company A, 119th Machine Gun Battalion, which is deployed to Europe via Waco, Texas.〔Jones ''et al'', p. 78.〕
*1929: The iconic Mitchell Hotel burns down, nearly taking the entire downtown with it. A new pump brought in from the Phillips fire department is the only thing that saves the day.
*1936: Tomahawk celebrates its 50th anniversary. The activities include a visit by Governor Philip La Follette.〔''Tomahawk Leader'' July 2, 1936〕
*1941: The United States declares war on Japan, and many Tomahawk young men and women enlist in military and other service.
*1951: Einar Ingman is awarded the Medal of Honor for valor in Korea.
*1976: Governor Patrick Lucey visits to simultaneously dedicate a large new paper machine at the kraft mill (then owned by Owens-Illinois) as well as Highway 86 bridge.〔''Tomahawk Leader'' August 9, 1976〕
*1986: Tomahawk celebrates its 100th anniversary.

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